Although viral replication has been reduced to undetectable levels with antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, chronic persistent inflammation associated with the progression of the disease is known to persist throughout life. Inflammation is a response created by the immune system to repair damaged tissues, and the slow progress of this response and its continuation for a long time is called chronic inflammation. Many studies have shown that microbiota dysbiosis and microbial translocation play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation in individuals living with HIV. The ongoing chronic inflammation and microbiota relationship and therapeutic intervention studies aiming at changing the microbiota are a relatively newly researched area in the treatment of HIV infection, and advances in this area show promise in preventing HIV infection’s long-term damage to the human body. In this article, the causes and mechanism of chronic inflammation seen in HIV infection and the effect of microbiota dysbiosis will be evaluated.
Keywords: HIV Infection, Chronic Inflammation, Microbiota, Microbial Translocation, Probiotic
